Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that affects movement and coordination. It primarily develops in adults over the age of 60, though early-onset cases can begin before age 50. Understanding the symptoms can help with earlier detection and improved management.
What Causes Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s occurs when nerve cells in the brain that produce dopamine — a chemical messenger responsible for smooth muscle movement — begin to die. The exact cause of this degeneration is unknown, but genetics, environmental triggers, and age-related factors may play a role.
Early Symptoms
In the early stages, Parkinson’s symptoms can be subtle and often mistaken for normal aging:
- Tremors: A slight shaking or trembling, especially in the hands or fingers, is a hallmark early sign.
- Small handwriting (Micrographia): Writing may become small and cramped.
- Loss of smell: Difficulty detecting scents can occur years before motor symptoms appear.
- Sleep disturbances: Sudden movements or talking during sleep may be an early warning sign.
- Constipation: Slower digestion can be a result of the disease affecting the autonomic nervous system.
Motor Symptoms (Movement-Related)
As the disease progresses, motor symptoms become more noticeable:
- Bradykinesia: Slowness of movement, making simple tasks more time-consuming.
- Muscle rigidity: Stiffness in the arms, legs, or trunk.
- Postural instability: Balance problems and a tendency to fall.
- Shuffling walk: A stooped posture and shuffling steps are common.
- Facial masking: Reduced facial expression or “blank” look.
Non-Motor Symptoms
Not all symptoms are related to movement, but they can significantly affect quality of life:
- Depression and anxiety
- Memory problems or difficulty concentrating
- Fatigue
- Urinary urgency or incontinence
- Speech and swallowing issues
Diagnosis and Management
There is no definitive test for Parkinson’s disease; diagnosis is based on clinical evaluation and symptom observation. Neurologists may use brain imaging or response to Parkinson’s medication to support their diagnosis.
While there is no cure, medications like levodopa, dopamine agonists, and MAO-B inhibitors can ease symptoms. Physical therapy, speech therapy, and lifestyle changes (like regular exercise and a balanced diet) also play a key role in managing the disease.
When to See a Doctor
If you or someone you know experiences persistent tremors, slowed movement, or balance issues, consult a healthcare provider. Early diagnosis allows for better treatment outcomes and support.
Bottom Line
Parkinson’s is a complex condition with a wide range of symptoms. Awareness and early intervention can greatly improve an individual’s ability to manage the disease and maintain independence.
(DISCLAIMER: The views expressed are solely of the research basis. InDiagnostic shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person/organisation directly or indirectly).
