Thyroid can be small, but how it works in your body, plays a big role in it. Located in front of your neck, it produces butterfly -shaped gland hormones that regulate your metabolism, heart rate, temperature and energy levels. When the thyroid does not function properly, it can lead to a series of health issues known as thyroid disorders.
Common Types of Thyroid Disorders
1. Hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid)
In this situation, the thyroid does not produce enough hormones. It slows down many body processes. Common symptoms include fatigue, weight gain, dry skin, constipation, cold intolerance and depression.
2. Hyperthyroidism (over active thyroid)
This occurs when thyroid produces too much hormones, accelerates body processes. Symptoms may include rapid heartbeat, weight loss, anxiety, irritability, sweating, and difficulty in sleeping.
3. Goiter
A goiter is an unusual growth of the thyroid gland. This can occur in both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism and can be caused by iodine deficiency or inflammation.
4. Thyroid nodule
These are lumps that are made within thyroid. While most are non-cancer, some can occur or cause overflow of thyroid hormones.
5. thyroid cancer
Although less common, thyroid cancer can develop and can prescribe as a lump or swelling in the neck. Initial identity usually leads to successful treatment. Causes and Risk Factors
• Autoimmune diseases such as Hashimoto’s thyroiditis (causes hypothyroidism) and graves disease (hyperthyroidism)
• Iodine deficiency or excess
• Genetic factors
• Radiation risk for neck or chest
• Some medicines
Signs to Watch For
Thyroid disorders can be difficult to present because symptoms often mimic other conditions.
Here are some signs that may indicate a thyroid problem:
• unexplained weight gain or loss
• Fatigue or lethargy
• Change in mood (depression, anxiety)
• Irregular menstrual cycle
• Hair thin or hair loss
• Puffy face or swelling in the neck
Diagnosis and Treatment
Diagnosis usually involves blood tests that measure the level of thyroid hormones (TSH, T3, T4). Imaging tests such as ultrasound or thyroid scans can also be used.
Treatment depends on specific disorders:
• Hypothyroidism is treated with synthetic thyroid hormone (levothyroxine).
• Hyperthyroidism can be managed with drugs, radioactive iodine therapy or surgery.
• Nodules or cancer may require surgery or other targeted treatments.
Managing Thyroid Health
• Get regular check-up, especially if you have family history of thyroid problems.
• Eat a balanced diet with adequate iodine, selenium and zinc.
• Manage stress, as it can affect thyroid function.
• Avoid unnecessary risk for radiation.
Final Thoughts
Thyroid disorders are common and are often managed with proper diagnosis and treatment. If you are experiencing persistent symptoms such as fatigue, change in weight, or mood, then it is worth checking your thyroid. Initial identity can create a big difference in your health and welfare management.
Disclaimer:
(The views expressed are solely on the basis of research. Indiagnostic shall not be responsible for any damage caused to any person/organization directly or indirectly).
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